Health technology has the tremendous potential to change our understanding of disease, transform the delivery of health-care services, and improve health outcomes. But using such technology comes at a price. Health Technologies and Decision Making analyses the barriers to, and facilitators of, evidence-based decision making in OECD health-care systems. It examines how countries can successfully manage the opportunities and challenges arising from health-related technology by optimising decision-making processes, recognising the value of innovation, dealing with uncertainty, and producing and co-ordinating health technology assessment. The book also considers the capacity of health systems to respond to the particular challenges of fast-developing health-related biotechnologies.

This seventh edition of the OECD Science, Technology and Industry (STI) Scoreboard explores the growing interaction between knowledge and globalisation. As innovation becomes a key determinant for long-run economic growth and social well-being, the STI Scoreboard provides a comprehensive picture of countries’ performance in the areas of science, technology, globalisation and industry. The STI Scoreboard brings together over 200 graphs and charts, many of which are new to this edition, to help examine emerging policy issues including the international mobility of researchers and scientists, the increasing pace of innovation as measured by patenting, the growth of the information economy, the changing role of multinational enterprises, new patterns in trade competitiveness, and the emergence of key international players outside the OECD area, notably China. This edition also includes StatLinks, URLs linking to spreadsheets containing the data underlying the charts and graphs.

Given the increasing competitiveness and greater geo-political significance of higher education and research, and the under-developed profile of many new Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), this study seeks to examine the processes and strategies being devised by new HEIs to grow research. By focusing on new HEIs, this book provides a unique profile of the experiences of a group of institutions that has hitherto been unidentified and unexplored. It analyses results drawn from an in-depth study of twenty-five HEIs from across sixteen countries: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Greece, Hong Kong China, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.

Compte tenu, d’une part, de l’importance grandissante de la concurrence et de la portée géopolitique de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, et, d’autre part, du retard de développement de nombreux EES nouveaux, cette étude cherche à analyser les processus et les stratégies élaborés par les nouveaux EES pour développer leur activité de recherche. Cet ouvrage propose un panorama unique des expériences d’un groupe d’établissements qui n’a jusqu’à présent pas été défini ni exploré. Il examine les résultats d’une étude de fond portant sur 25 EES situés dans 16 pays : Australie, Belgique, Canada, Danemark, Espagne, Finlande, Grèce, Hong Kong Chine, Hongrie, Irlande, Japon, Nouvelle-Zélande, Portugal, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Suède.

L'édition 2005 des Perspectives des communications de l'OCDE présente les données comparables les plus récentes sur les performances du secteur des communications dans les pays de l’OCDE et sur les politiques menées dans ce domaine. Ces données permettent de faire le point sur les six années qui ont suivi l'ouverture des marchés de nombreux pays de l’OCDE à la libre concurrence, en 1998. Cet ouvrage analyse aussi l'état du secteur des télécommunications durant les premières années qui ont suivi la crise due à l'éclatement de la "bulle Internet" et jette un regard sur l’avenir. Les Perspectives des communications de l’OCDE présentent un large éventail d’indicateurs du développement des différents réseaux de communications et compare les indicateurs de performance tels que les recettes, les investissements, l’emploi et les prix des services dans la zone OCDE.

Depuis le lancement du Spoutnik en 1957, l’attention des médias a été pratiquement monopolisée par des missions spatiales spectaculaires comme l’alunissage d’Apollo en 1969 ou, plus récemment, les étonnantes images de Mars transmises par Mars Pathfinder en 1997 puis par Spirit en 2004. Pourtant, les acteurs de la conquête spatiale ont aussi connu des revers, avec des événements dramatiques comme la tragédie de Columbia, des dépassements budgétaires vertigineux, des espoirs largement déçus et des réductions drastiques des financements publics destinés aux programmes spatiaux. Au fil des années, les progrès des technologies spatiales ont conduit au développement d’équipements militaires et civils de plus en plus sophistiqués. Quelles sont maintenant les perspectives du secteur spatial ? Quels sont les obstacles à la poursuite de son développement ? Quel est son avenir à plus long terme ? Quelles sont ses applications les plus prometteuses ? Pour répondre à ces questions, ce rapport examine un certain nombre de scénarios afin d’explorer les possibilités d’évolution des principales composantes du secteur spatial (le volet militaire, le volet civil et le volet commercial) sur les trois décennies à venir, compte tenu des évolutions d’ordre géopolitique, socio-économique, énergétique et environnemental, et technologique.

This review is the first study that undertakes an in-depth analysis of e-government in Norway from a whole-of-government perspective. It looks at the progress to date and the remaining challenges the Norwegian government faces in implementing e-government and provides a detailed analysis of the e-government policy cycle, focusing on the role of the central state as a policy actor. The report also provides proposals for action to improve the delivery of electronic services to citizens, to understand public demand for online services and participation in government, to develop frameworks for monitoring and evaluation of e-government, to respond to agencies’ demands for more central guidance, and to improve co-ordination.   

This review is the first study that undertakes an in-depth analysis of e-government in Mexico from a whole-of-government perspective.  Mexico completed the initial phase of setting up and delivering e-government services successfully, but the continuing public demands to improve government have made the country realise the importance of refocusing the strategy to find a way of making e-government improve the overall quality of government. This report analyses and assesses these challenges and provides a set of proposals for action to deal with the most actual and pressing questions of e-government in Mexico.  It systematically looks at the structure and context for e-government, the case for e-government, external barriers to e-government, planning and leadership, organisational change, collaboration fostered by e-government, making government more customer-focused through e-government, and monitoring and evaluation.  This book includes case studies, a statistical annex, and a bibliography.

The OECD Communications Outlook 2005 presents the most recent comparable data on the performance of the communication sector and policy frameworks in OECD countries. The data provided in this report map the six years of competition for many OECD countries that fully opened their market to competition in 1998. The 2005 edition also analyses the communications sector over the years following the "dotcom bubble" crisis and explores future developments. The OECD Communications Outlook provides an extensive range of indicators for the development of different communications networks and compares performance indicators such as revenue, investment, employment and prices for service throughout the OECD area.

Stimulating innovation is key for achieving sustainable economic growth. Recently, however, prevailing practices and institutions of innovation governance have come under pressure. This publication examines the sources of these pressures, and provides lessons on how governments can adapt their governance practices to achieve better coherence and co-ordination of policies to promote innovation. The changes under way point to the emergence of a "third generation" of innovation policy: a broadly based, strategic policy area, crossing traditional ministerial boundaries.

The engines of economic growth in Russia remain concentrated in industries dependent on exports of raw commodities.  To achieve sustainable long-term growth, Russia needs to diversify its economic activities, and boosting innovation needs to be a central objective of the diversification.  This book assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the Russian innovation system and formulates concrete policy recommendations with a focus on public-private partnerships.

Digital content and digital delivery of content and information are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, driven by the expanding technological capabilities and performance of delivery platforms, the rapid uptake of broadband technologies and improved performance of hardware and software. Network convergence and widespread diffusion of high-speed broadband has shifted attention towards broadband content and applications that promise new business opportunities, growth and employment.

This publication examines the relationship between innovation policy and economic performance in six OECD countries – Austria, Finland, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom.  In-depth analyses highlight countries’ strengths and weaknesses in innovation, as well as the effectiveness of their innovation policies in driving economic performance.  Taken together, the country studies constitute a rich evidence base which will be of considerable interest to innovation policy makers in all OECD countries.  They indicate that countries share a need to adapt – or even profoundly change – their innovation policies in order to deal with opportunities and threats posed by new technological and economic developments.

This book explores the contribution space systems might make in dealing with looming societal challenges related to threats to the physical environment and the management of natural resources, growing mobility and its consequences, increasing security concerns, and the shift to the information society. It discusses the challenges for developing space applications. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks that currently govern space activities in the OECD area and beyond. Finally, it formulates an overall policy framework that OECD governments might use in drafting policies designed to ensure that the potential that space has to offer is actually realised.

Ce livre met en lumière les leçons à tirer de l’utilisation des TIC à des fins d’information, de consultation et de participation citoyenne à l’élaboration des politiques publiques. Douze pays sont étudiés : Allemagne, Australie, Canada, Finlande, Italie, Mexique, Nouvelle-Zélande, Pays-Bas, République slovaque, République tchèque, Royaume-Uni, Suède ainsi que la Commission européenne. Il ne traite pas de l’offre de services en ligne ni des applications des TIC aux élections (par exemple le vote électronique), encore que certaines des questions commentées ici, comme la fourniture d’informations en ligne, puissent concerner ces deux points. Enfin, ce livre propose 10 principes directeurs pour assurer la réussite d’une consultation en ligne et recense les cinq défis majeurs de la participation citoyenne en ligne aux décisions publiques.

Computer and video games is a young industry with rapid growth underpinned by technological development. The global market in 2003 was over USD 21 billion compared with USD 32 billion for the recorded music industry. The main segments are off-line consoles and PCs; online and wireless games are still relatively small but there is a general online trend and the industry is increasingly strategic for media, Internet and consumer electronics firms. “Dis-intermediation” is occurring in the value chain as distributor and retail roles are taken by publishers directly or via ISPs and game Web sites. ISPs are also acting as content aggregators and game Web sites and portals as retailers (“re-intermediation”). Development barriers include the availability of network infrastructure, skills and management challenges, financing issues, and the legal and payments infrastructure. The policy framework affecting the industry includes R&D and technology, market and skills development; IPR and piracy issues; online business conditions including broadband quality, micro-payments, standards and taxation issues; and social dimensions including culture, age ratings and content issues, and games applications in education.

This publication presents R&D expenditure data from the Analytical Business Enterprise Research and Development database (ANBERD) broken down by industry according to ISIC Revision 3 for 19 OECD countries, as well as a zone total for the European Union. The coverage of ANBERD includes 58 sectors, with an extended coverage of service sectors.  Data are provided in both national currencies and US dollars for the period 1988-2002.

Première publication d’une série d’examens nationaux consacrés à l’administration électronique, ce rapport suit une méthode d’analyse commune élaborée dans le cadre du projet de l’OCDE sur l’administration électronique. Il s’agit d’aider les pays à évaluer leur politique en la matière, d’assurer la comparabilité des résultats nationaux et de constituer une banque de données empiriques à l’appui des bonnes pratiques d’administration électronique.