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  • 21 Dec 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 246

《经合组织—粮农组织2021-2030年农业展望》(以下简称《展望》)是经济合作发展组织和联合国粮食及农业组织集体智慧的结晶,并吸收了合作成员国及国际商品机构的专业意见,对国家、区域和全球层面农产品、渔产品及生物燃料未来十年市场情况做出一致评估,为前瞻性政策分析和规划提供参考。

本《展望》预测了未来十年粮食及农产品市场驱动因素的发展趋势。虽然在许多重要方面将会取得进展,但为了实现2030年议程和可持续发展目标,农业部门需要采取协调一致的行动以及更进一步的改进。

补充信息可以在www.agri-outlook.org查阅。

English, French, Spanish
  • 17 Dec 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 190

Le calamità legate a rischi naturali (NHID), come inondazioni, siccità, violente tempeste, parassiti e malattie animali, hanno un impatto significativo, diffuso e di lunga durata sui settori agricoli di tutto il mondo. Poiché il cambiamento climatico è destinato ad amplificare molti di questi impatti, un approccio "business-as-usual" alla gestione del rischio di calamitá naturali in agricoltura non può continuare se si vogliono affrontare le sfide della produttività agricola, della crescita sostenibile, e dello sviluppo sostenibile. Attingendo da sette studi di caso - Cile, Italia, Giappone, Namibia, Nuova Zelanda, Turchia e Stati Uniti - questo rapporto congiunto OCSE-FAO propone un nuovo approccio per rafforzare la resilienza alle calamità legate a rischi naturali in agricoltura. Esplora le misure politiche, gli accordi di governance, le strategie aziendali e altre iniziative che i paesi stanno usando per rafforzare la resilienza agricola alle calamità legate a rischi naturali, evidenziando le buone pratiche emergenti. Offre raccomandazioni concrete su ciò che è necessario fare per passare da un approccio mirato ad assorbire gli impatti dei disastri, ad un approccio ex ante che si concentri sulla prevenzione e sulla mitigazione degli impatti dei disastri, aiutando il settore a essere meglio preparato a rispondere ad essi e ad adattarsi e trasformarsi per affrontare le calamità future.

English
  • 02 Dec 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 102

Today, the global youth population is at its highest ever and still growing, with the highest proportion of youth living in Africa and Asia, and a majority of them in rural areas. Young people in rural areas face the double challenge of age-specific vulnerabilities and underdevelopment of rural areas. While agriculture absorbs the majority of rural workers in developing countries, low pay and poor working conditions make it difficult to sustain rural livelihoods. Potential job opportunities for rural youth exist in agriculture and along the agri-food value chain, however. Growing populations, urbanisation and rising incomes of the working class are increasing demand for more diverse and higher value added agricultural and food products in Africa and developing Asia. This demand will create a need for off-farm labour, especially in agribusinesses, which tends to be better paid and located in rural areas and secondary towns. It could boost job creation in the food economy provided that local food systems were mobilised to take up the challenge of higher and changing domestic demand for food.

Les objectifs en matière d’égalité femmes-hommes et d’environnement se renforcent mutuellement, avec des progrès lents sur les actions environnementales affectant la réalisation de l'égalité femmes-hommes, et vice versa. Les progrès vers les objectifs de développement durable (ODD) nécessite des actions ciblées et cohérentes. Cependant, les complémentarités et les compromis entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et la durabilité environnementale sont à peine documentés dans le cadre des ODD. Basé sur le cadre des ODD, ce rapport propose une vue d’ensemble de ces liens, en examinant les déficits de données et d'éléments factuels, les bénéfices économiques et de bien-être, ainsi que les aspects de gouvernance et de justice. Il examine neuf ODD liés à l'environnement (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 et 15) à travers un prisme genre-environnement, en utilisant des données disponibles, des études de cas, des enquêtes et d'autres éléments. Il démontre que les femmes partout dans le monde sont affectées de manière disproportionnée par le changement climatique, la déforestation, la dégradation des terres, la désertification, la raréfaction de l'eau et l'insuffisance de l'assainissement. Ces inégalités entre femmes et hommes ont été encore exacerbées par le COVID-19. Le rapport conclut qu’une approche sexospécifique des domaines clés comme d’utilisation des terres, de gestion de l'eau, de l'énergie et des transports, entre autres, permettrait la promotion d’un développement économique plus durable et plus inclusif, et d’accroître le bien-être pour tous. Reconnaissant les multiples dimensions et interactions entre l'égalité femmes-hommes et l'environnement, il propose un cadre d'action intégré, tenant compte à la fois de la croissance inclusive et des considérations environnementales aux niveaux local, national et international.

English
  • 05 Oct 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 362

El informe OCDE‑FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2021‑2030 es un trabajo conjunto de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), en el que se incorporan los conocimientos especializados de los gobiernos de los países miembros y de las organizaciones internacionales de productos básicos. Presenta una evaluación consensuada de las perspectivas a 10 años para los mercados nacionales, regionales y mundial de los principales productos básicos agrícolas, el pescado y los biocombustibles. Sirve como referencia para el análisis y la planificación de políticas públicas orientadas al futuro.

El informe OCDE‑FAO Perspectivas Agrícolas 2021‑2030 presenta las tendencias que guiarán a los mercados alimentarios y agrícolas durante los siguientes 10 años. Si bien se esperan avances en muchos frentes importantes para cumplir con lo establecido en la Agenda 2030 y alcanzar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS), el sector agrícola requerirá acciones concertadas y mejoras adicionales.

En www.agri‑outlook.org puede consultarse información complementaria al respecto.

Chinese, English, French

The OECD has been working on water policy reform in the countries of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia for over 20 years. Three of the countries within the region, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have signed Association Agreements with the European Union. These agreements provide a framework for deeper political ties and stronger economic links with the EU and include commitments for approximation towards EU legislation including the Water Framework Directive.

Georgia, the Republic of Moldova and Ukraine have ambitious long-term strategic plans for their water sectors, which include fulfilment of requirements under the Association Agreements and international commitments including the Sustainable Development Goals. The water policy outlooks baseline the country policy framework and current performance and then define the long-term vision and aspirations to 2030. The outlooks aim to demonstrate the likelihood of the current policy framework to achieve the long-term objectives and desired future state of the water sector, and include identification of opportunities for improving policy coherence and policies that have the opportunity to improve the likelihood of success.

Cette édition du rapport du Secrétaire général de l'OCDE aux ministres présente les principales réalisations de l'OCDE en 2020. Elle met l’accent sur les efforts de l’Organisation pour contribuer à la gestion de la crise du COVID-19 et ouvrir la voie à une reprise qui soit à la fois plus forte, plus inclusive, plus résiliente et plus verte. Elle décrit les travaux de l’OCDE dans tout un éventail de domaines essentiels tels que la santé, l’emploi, les inégalités, l'économie, la fiscalité, l'éducation, l'environnement, et bien d’autres encore. Ce rapport présente aussi les activités du Secrétaire général et de son cabinet, ainsi que celles des directions, des Secrétariats des entités appartenant à la famille OCDE et des partenaires sociaux de l'OCDE.

L'OCDE s'efforce de trouver des solutions fondées sur des données probantes à toute une série de défis sociaux, économiques et environnementaux, en promouvant « Des politiques meilleures pour une vie meilleure ». L’OCDE constitue l’une des sources les plus importantes et les plus fiables de recherche et de données statistiques comparables au monde. Elle fait office de pionnier pour l’élaboration de nouvelles trames narratives et de nouvelles initiatives à l’échelle mondiale, mais aussi de « laboratoire d’action », prêt à soutenir ses membres et partenaires grâce à ses données, ses normes et ses conseils stratégiques.

English
  • 05 Jul 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 337

The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 is a collaborative effort of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation Development (OECD) and the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, prepared with input from Member governments and international commodity organisations. It provides a consensus assessment of the ten-year prospects for agricultural commodity, fish and biofuel markets at national, regional and global levels, and serves as a reference for forward-looking policy analysis and planning.

The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2021-2030 presents the trends driving food and agricultural markets over the coming decade. While progress is expected on many important fronts, in order to realize the 2030 Agenda and achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs), concerted actions and additional improvements will be needed by the agricultural sector.

More information can be found at www.agri-outlook.org.

Chinese, Spanish, French
  • 05 Jul 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 364

Fruit de la collaboration entre l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE) et l’Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture (FAO), les Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2021‑2030 s’appuient aussi sur des contributions des pays membres et d’organisations internationales spécialisées dans les produits de base. Elles contiennent une évaluation consensuelle de ce que pourrait être l’évolution, dans les dix ans à venir, des marchés nationaux, régionaux et mondiaux des produits agricoles, halieutiques et aquacoles et des biocarburants, et servent de référence à des analyses prospectives et à la planification de l’action publique.

Les Perspectives agricoles de l'OCDE et de la FAO 2021‑2030 présentent les tendances régissant les marchés agricoles pour les dix prochaines années. Des progrès sont attendus sur de nombreux fronts importants, mais pour mener à bien le Programme à l’horizon 2030 et atteindre les Objectifs de développement durable (ODD), le secteur agricole devra mettre en place des actions concertées et de nouvelles améliorations.

Des informations supplémentaires sont fournies à l’adresse suivante : www.agri-outlook.org.

English, Chinese, Spanish

This annual report monitors and evaluates agricultural policies in 54 countries, including the 38 OECD countries, the five non-OECD EU Member States, and 11 emerging economies. The report includes country specific analysis based on up-to-date estimates of support to agriculture that are compiled using a comprehensive system of measurement and classification – the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSE and CSE) and related indicators. This year’s report focuses on policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and analyses the implications of agricultural support policies for the performance of food systems.

French

Ce rapport annuel suit et évalue l’évolution des politiques agricoles dans 54 pays : il couvre les 38 pays de l’OCDE, les cinq états de l’Union européenne qui ne sont pas membres de l’OCDE, et 11 économies émergentes. Ce rapport est une source unique d’information sur le soutien actuel à l’agriculture. Il utilise un système cohérent de mesure et de classification du soutien agricole – les estimations du soutien aux producteurs et aux consommateurs (ESP et ESC), et les indicateurs connexes. Cette édition met l’accent sur les réponses apportées par les pouvoirs publics à la pandémie de COVID-19. Elle est assortie d’une analyse des incidences du soutien agricole sur la performance des systèmes alimentaires.

English
  • 08 Jun 2021
  • OECD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
  • Pages: 174

Natural hazard-induced disasters (NHID), such as floods, droughts, severe storms, and animal pests and diseases have significant, widespread and long-lasting impacts on agricultural sectors around the world. With climate change set to amplify many of these impacts, a “business-as-usual” approach to disaster risk management in agriculture cannot continue if we are to meet the challenges of agricultural productivity and sustainability growth, and sustainable development. Drawing from seven case studies – Chile, Italy, Japan, Namibia, New Zealand, Turkey and the United States – this joint OECD-FAO report argues for a new approach to building resilience to NHID in agriculture. It explores the policy measures, governance arrangements, on-farm strategies and other initiatives that countries are using to increase agricultural resilience to NHID, highlighting emerging good practices. It offers concrete recommendations on what more needs to be done to shift from coping with the impacts of disasters, to an ex ante approach that focuses on preventing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, helping the sector be better prepared to respond to disasters, and to adapt and transform in order to be better positioned for future disasters.

Italian
  • 31 May 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 132

This edition of the OECD Secretary-General's Report to Ministers outlines the main achievements of the OECD in 2020, notably the Organisation’s efforts to help manage the COVID-19 crisis and pave the way towards a stronger, more inclusive, resilient and green recovery. It describes the OECD’s work across major policy areas, with a focus on health, employment, inequalities, economics and tax, education, and the environment, among others. The report outlines the activities of the Secretary-General and his office, as well as those of OECD directorates, the Secretariats of Entities within the OECD family and OECD Social Partners.

The OECD works on finding evidence-based solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental challenges, promoting “Better Policies for Better Lives”. The OECD is one of the world’s largest and most trusted sources of comparable statistical data and research. The OECD serves as not only a pathfinder for new narratives and new initiatives at the global level, but also as a ‘do’ tank ready to support members and partners with our data, standards and evidence-based policy advice.

French

Gender equality and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing, with slow progress on environmental actions affecting the achievement of gender equality, and vice versa. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires targeted and coherent actions. However, complementarities and trade-offs between gender equality and environmental sustainability are scarcely documented within the SDG framework. Based on the SDG framework, this report provides an overview of the gender-environment nexus, looking into data and evidence gaps, economic and well-being benefits, and governance and justice aspects. It examines nine environment-related SDGs (2, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 15) through a gender-environment lens, using available data, case studies, surveys and other evidence. It shows that women around the world are disproportionately affected by climate change, deforestation, land degradation, desertification, growing water scarcity and inadequate sanitation, with gender inequalities further exacerbated by COVID-19. The report concludes that gender-responsiveness in areas such as land, water, energy and transport management, amongst others, would allow for more sustainable and inclusive economic development, and increased well-being for all. Recognising the multiple dimensions of and interactions between gender equality and the environment, it proposes an integrated policy framework, taking into account both inclusive growth and environmental considerations at local, national and international levels.

French

The Toolkit for Water Policies and Governance compiles policies, governance arrangements and related tools that facilitate the design and implementation of water management practices in line with the OECD Council Recommendation on Water. It is designed to inspire and support countries which have either adhered to, are considering adhering to, or aim to converge towards the OECD standard.

The Recommendation was unanimously adopted by the OECD Council in December 2016. The adoption marked the outcome of a two-year consultation process with delegates from ministries active in the fields of agriculture, development assistance, environment, public governance, regional development, and regulatory policy, as well as with relevant stakeholders (the business sector, trade unions, environmental organisations) and the OECD Water Governance Initiative.

The Recommendation puts forward an international standard with high-level policy guidance on a range of topics relevant for the management of water resources and delivery of water services. The areas covered include managing water quantity, water risks and disasters, improving water quality, ensuring good water governance as well as sustainable finance, investment and pricing for water services.

The practices reported in the toolkit have been compiled by the OECD Secretariat, in close consultation with delegates from adhering countries. Regular updates will be made available.

French

La boîte à outils recense des politiques, des modes de gouvernance et des instruments qui facilitent la conception et la mise en œuvre d’une gestion de l’eau en phase avec la Recommandation du Conseil de l’OCDE sur l’eau. Elle a été conçue pour inspirer et encourager les pays qui ont adhéré, souhaitent adhérer ou veulent converger vers le standard de l’OCDE.

La Recommandation a été adoptée à l’unanimité du Conseil de l’OCDE en décembre 2016. Cette adoption fut le résultat d’une consultation qui a duré deux ans, avec les délégués des ministères en charge de l’agriculture, de l’aide au développement, de l’environnement, de la gouvernance publique, du développement régional et des politiques de régulation. Les parties prenantes (entreprises, syndicats de salariés et association environnementale) ont également été consultées, ainsi que les membres de l’initiative de l’OCDE sur la gouvernance de l’eau.

La Recommandation propose un standard international qui offre des orientations pratiques de haut niveau sur un ensemble de sujets pertinents pour la gestion de la ressource et les services liés à l’eau. Ces sujets comprennent la gestion de la quantité, les risques et catastrophes liés à l’eau, l’amélioration de la qualité, la gouvernance de l’eau, ainsi qu’un financement durable, l’investissement et la tarification des services liés à l’eau.

Les pratiques qui figurent dans la boite à outils ont été compilées par le Secrétariat de l’OCDE, en concertation étroite avec les pays qui ont adhéré à la Recommandation. Elles seront régulièrement mises à jour.

English
  • 02 Mar 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 236

Norway is performing unevenly across its four agricultural policy objectives. While Norway enjoys a high level of food security and is meeting its aim of maintaining agricultural production across the country, both environmental performance and the efficient creation of value added along the food chain are compromised by support policies linked to production levels. Support to producers relative to gross farm receipts is the highest among OECD countries, with 59% of farmers’ revenues coming from government support. Only 3% of total support to agriculture is dedicated to research and innovation. Moreover, while Norway has strong public research institutions and well-designed tax deductions, the private sector lacks the right policy incentives to innovate.

This review proposes a new policy approach, centred around innovations that would enable Norway to achieve its objectives and improve the productivity, sustainability and resilience of its agro-food sector. Specific recommendations include increasing the responsiveness of the sector to markets, giving farmers greater flexibility in making production decisions, placing greater emphasis on agri-environmental outcomes, and increasing the role of the private sector in research and innovation.

أعدّت منظمة التعاون والتنمية في الميدان الاقتصادي ومنظمة الأغذية والزراعة هذه التوجيهات لمساعدة الشركات على الوفاء بمعايير السلوك الرشيد في الأعمال التجارية وتوخي العناية الواجبة على طول سلسلة الإمدادات الزراعية لضمان مساهمة عملياتها في التنمية المستدامة. وتشمل التوجيهات ما يلي:

  • سياسة نموذجية للشركات تتضمن المواصفات التي يجدر بالشركات التقيد بها من أجل إرساء سلاسل إمداد مسؤولة للمنتجات الزراعية؛
  • وإطار للعناية الواجبة المستندة إلى المخاطر يتضمن وصفًا للخطوات الخمس التي يجب أن تتبعها الشركات لتحديد التأثيرات السلبية لأنشطتها وتقييمها والتخفيف من وطأتها والبحث في سبل معالجتها؛
  • ووصف المخاطر الرئيسية التي تواجهها الشركات والتدابير الرامية إلى التخفيف من وطأتها؛
  • وتوجيهات للتعاون مع الشعوب الأصلية.
Vietnamese, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, All
  • 22 Feb 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 99

This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current pears standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in pears. This brochure is available in electronic format only.

  • 22 Feb 2021
  • OECD
  • Pages: 72

This brochure is published within the framework of the Scheme for the Application of International Standards for Fruit and Vegetables established by OECD in 1962. It comprises explanatory notes and illustrations to facilitate the uniform interpretation of the current beans standard. It demonstrates the quality parameters on high quality photographs. Thus it is a valuable tool for the inspection authorities, professional bodies and traders interested in international trade in beans. This brochure is available in electronic format only.

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