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Around the OECD countries and beyond, there is a proliferation of initiatives in the life sciences to bring together disperse elements of global research and establish an effective virtual infrastructure for open innovation. Their common goal is to leverage innovative capacity by creating interconnected webs of knowledge and exploiting external expertise.
Some such initiatives have as their goal the monetisation and trading of knowledge in the form of intellectual assets. Others seek to create networks for pooling and exchange of knowledge. Together, these initiatives can be referred to as “knowledge networks and markets” (KNMs). This report considers the development of such KNMs and examines the impact of current initiatives and the possible options for governments, working with the private sector, to improve innovation efficiency and effectiveness.
Improving the interoperability of knowledge resources is fundamental to the creation of a necessary shared infrastructure for efficient KNM to emerge, as is related sustainable funding and policy clarity. Governments can play a vital catalytic role in improving the productivity of KNMs through such infrastructure development and encouragement of associated social networking. the report makes suggestions for some priority actions based on existing case studies.
As an input to Korea's efforts to revise the country's development strategy, the OECD and the World Bank have prepared a joint review of the challenges confronting Korea in its transition to a knowledge-based economy. The report proposes a four-pronged framework which will empower Korea to effectively tap into technology advances and the growing stock of knowledge: 1. An economic and institutional regime that provides incentives for the efficient use of existing knowledge, for the creation of new knowledge, for the dismantling of obsolete activities and for the start-up of more efficient new ones. 2. An educated and entrepreneurial population that can both create and use new knowledge. 3. A dynamic information infrastructure that can facilitate effective communication, dissemination and processing of information. 4. An efficient innovation system comprising firms, science and research centers, universities, think tanks, consultants and other organizations that can interact and tap into the growing stock of global knowledge; assimilate and adapt it to local needs; and use it to create new knowledge and technology.
The report addresses additional challenges with respect to the development of knowledge-based activities, and of setting up an overall framework for the design and implementation of more consistent policies conducive to the knowledge-based economy.
1950 stellte Alan Turing erstmals die Frage, ob Maschinen denken können. Seitdem wurden im Bereich der künstlichen Intelligenz (KI) gewaltige Fortschritte erzielt. Heute verändert KI Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft. KI ermöglicht Produktivitätssteigerungen, kann die Lebensqualität erhöhen und sogar bei der Bewältigung globaler Herausforderungen wie Klimawandel, Ressourcenknappheit und Gesundheitskrisen helfen. Mit der weltweiten Einführung von KI-Anwendungen wachsen aber auch die Bedenken, die ihre Nutzung aufwirft, u. a. in Bezug auf menschliche Werte und Fragen wie Fairness, menschliche Entscheidungsfreiheit, Datenschutz, Sicherheit und Haftung. Dieser Bericht soll helfen, ein gemeinsames Verständnis von künstlicher Intelligenz aktuell und für die nahe Zukunft zu entwickeln. Dazu beschreibt er technische, wirtschaftliche und politische Entwicklungen, geht auf konkrete Anwendungsfälle ein und befasst sich mit grundlegenden Fragen der Politikgestaltung. Zudem soll er für mehr Kohärenz in den Diskussionen sorgen, die in verschiedenen nationalen und internationalen Foren zum Thema künstliche Intelligenz geführt werden.