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This report aims to foster a better understanding on how to leverage the economic and social impacts of the implementation of the Internet into mobile devices to enable ubiquitous governments, sustain public sector innovation and transform public service delivery. The content of this report paves the way for the Report on Agile Government to be released by OECD in the Fall of 2011. The report is a joint-product of the collaboration of OECD with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs.
This biannual publication provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of the efforts undertaken by OECD Member countries and 6 non-member economies in the field of Science and Technology. These data include final or provisional results as well as forecasts established by government authorities. The indicators cover the resources devoted to research and development, patent families, technology balance of payments and international trade in highly R&D-intensive industries. Also presented are the underlying economic series used to calculate these indicators. Series are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This biannual publication provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of the efforts undertaken by OECD Member countries in the field of Science and Technology. These data include final or provisional results as well as forecasts established by government authorities. The indicators cover the resources devoted to research and development, patents, technology balance of payments and international trade in the high-technology industries. Also presented are the underlying economic series used to calculate these indicators which are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This twice yearly, bilingual publication contains data on the scientific and technological performance of OECD countries. These data include final or provisional results and government forecasts covering such topics as resources devoted to research and development, patents, the technology balance of payments and international trade in the high-technology industries. Supporting background series, used in combination with Science & Technology series to calculate indicators, are also included. Indicators are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This twice yearly, bilingual publication contains data on the scientific and technological performance of OECD countries. These data include final or provisional results and government forecasts covering such topics as resources devoted to research and development, patents, the technology balance of payments and international trade in the high-technology industries. Supporting background series, used in combination with Science & Technology series to calculate indicators, are also included. Indicators are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This twice yearly, bilingual publication contains data on the scientific and technological performance of OECD countries. These data include final or provisional results and government forecasts covering such topics as resources devoted to research and development, patents, the technology balance of payments and international trade in the high-technology industries. Supporting background series, used in combination with Science & Technology series to calculate indicators, are also included. Indicators are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This twice yearly, bilingual publication contains data on the scientific and technological performance of OECD countries. These data include final or provisional results and government forecasts covering such topics as resources devoted to research and development, patents, the technology balance of payments and international trade in the high-technology industries. Supporting background series, used in combination with Science & Technology series to calculate indicators, are also included. Indicators are presented for the last seven years for which data are available.
This twice-yearly, bilingual publication contains data on the scientific and technological performance of the OECD countries. It summarises and updates the OECD Basic Science and Technology Statistics published every two years (annually on diskette). These data include final or provisional results and government forecasts covering such topics as resources devoted to research and development, patents, the technology balance of payments and international trade in high-technology industries. Supporting background economic series are also included.
This book explores emerging topics in innovation policy for more inclusive and sustainable growth, building on concrete examples. It develops the notion of experimental innovation policy – which integrates monitoring and feedback at the policy design stage, and occurs continuously to improve impact and implementation. This approach should help improve the quality and efficiency of public expenditures supporting innovation policy.
Experimental policy making is particularly important for new and emerging innovation domains, where the scope for learning and improvement is the greatest. To make the discussion as concrete and relevant as possible for practitioners and policy makers, three emerging domains of innovation policy are explored in greater detail: innovative entrepreneurship, green innovation, and pro-poor or base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) innovation.
This is the first integrated study undertaken by the OECD to analyse administrative simplification and e-government in a national context. By bringing those two areas together in the context of public management reform, this review helps countries identify how these reform activities can best support overall government performance and economic growth.
Digitalisation is transforming the world of work and societies, and creating opportunities to learn and develop skills in new ways, times and places. The adoption and use of digital technologies can help Latin American countries close the skills gap with more advanced economies. Making the Most of Technology for Learning and Training in Latin America demonstrates how Latin American countries can realise the potential of new technologies for skills development in schools and all stages of life. It identifies barriers to accessing ICT infrastructure and connectivity limitations in Latin America, and provides recommendations on how they can be overcome to ensure that all students and citizens can benefit from new technologies for learning. The report explores the relationship between technology use in initial education and students’ performance in Latin America, and how policies can best support teachers as digital tools enter their classrooms. Digitalisation provides new opportunities for lifelong learning and this report examines the potential of open education and MOOCs in reaching those adults who are most in need of training in Latin American countries.
This book contains the proceedings of the first International Meeting on Mammalian Embryo Genomics, held in Quebec City, Canada, on July 20, 2002, which brought together a group of internationally recognised scientists in the genomics field. The objective was to coordinate activities in the area of embryo genomics and create a number of collaborations dedicated to organizing the huge amount of information being generated in this emerging field of research. This information is and will continue to be crucial for most biotechnological applications in the field of animal reproduction.
With the emergence of a knowledge-based society, innovation has become an increasingly important factor in the competitiveness of firms, the prosperity of nations and dynamic world growth. Innovation uses scientific progress to meet the changing needs of society and is thus one of the keys to sustainable development. Promoting innovation is now a high priority in most OECD countries. However, the pursuit of this objective is often hampered by an inadequate understanding of the extent to which the mechanisms of innovation are being transformed by globalisation, the development of information and communications technologies and the expanding scientific knowledge base. Drawing on new empirical data, this book analyses the fundamental changes in the linkages between industry and the science system as well as in the nature of the competencies required for firms to innovate. The changes which are transforming the respective roles of competition and co-operation in stimulating innovation and which are enabling enterprise creation and SMIs to play an increasingly active role in innovation are also examined. This book shows that innovation performance depends on the way in which the different components of the "innovation system" -- businesses, universities and other research bodies - interact with one another at the local, national and international levels, and concludes that the public authorities must change their approach to the promotion of innovation. This study defines the aims and tools of this new innovation policy and identifies examples of good policy practice recently implemented in OECD countries.
This report considers the potential of marine biotechnology to contribute to economic and social prosperity by making use of recent advances in science and technology. It discusses scientific and technological tools at the centre of a renewed interest in marine biotechnology, contributing to a new bioeconomy sector in many countries, and offering potential new solutions to global challenges. It also examines how these advances are improving our understanding of marine life and facilitating access to, and study of, marine organisms and ecosystems, and it considers the largely untapped potential of these bioresources.
This promise is considered alongside the challenges associated with the development of these resources which exist with complex ecosystems and fluidly distributed in a vast, largely shared environment. The report makes the case for a new global framework for the sustainable development of marine biotechnology and identifies some areas that will benefit from focused attention as governments develop policies to support it. In addition to this prospective view, this report identifies some early policy lessons learned by the governments which are leading attempts to benefit from bioresources.
The Manual on the Measurement of Human Resources devoted to S&T (the "Canberra Manual") was issued in 1995. It was prepared in close co-operation between the OECD and the DGXII/Eurostat of the European Commission, other OECD Directorates, UNESCO and the International Labour Office (ILO), with the support of national experts. Drawing on best international and national practice and classifications, the "Canberra Manual" provides definitions of human resources devoted to science and technology in terms of qualification (levels and fields of study) and occupation and discusses a number of variables of policy interest.
Science and technology improves human health but the pressure for faster and larger improvements is building with the continued ageing of the population of many OECD countries and the associated increased demands for health care. A fundamental starting point for better understanding of the impact of innovation on health is the measurement of R&D. This publication addresses this issue by looking in detail at measurement practices across ten OECD member countries as well as the main international sources.
With over 250 graphs, Indicators of Economic Globalisation helps identify the economic activities of member countries that are under foreign control, and more particularly the contribution of multinational enterprises to growth, employment, productivity, labour compensation, research and development, technology diffusion and international trade. In so doing, it gauges the intensity and magnitude of the globalisation process, and sheds new light on financial, technological and trade interdependencies within OECD countries.
This book includes Statlinks, URLs under the tables and graphs that link to spreadsheet files showing the underlying data.
This second edition of the OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators presents a broad range of indicators showing the magnitude and intensity of globalisation. This process is becoming increasingly important for policymakers and other analysts, hence the need for a volume that brings together the existing measures, based on national data sources and comparable across countries. Together, the indicators shed new light on financial, technological and trade interdependencies within OECD and non-OECD countries.
Measures of globalisation include indicators on capital movements and foreign direct investments, international trade, the economic activity of multinational firms and the internationalisation of technology. In addition, the 2010 edition also includes indicators linked to the current financial crisis, portfolio investments, environmental aspects and the emergence of global value chains.
Measuring Innovation: A New Perspective presents new measures and new ways of looking at traditional indicators. It builds on 50 years of indicator development by OECD and goes beyond R&D to describe the broader context in which innovation occurs. It includes some experimental indicators that provide insight into new areas of policy interest. It highlights measurement gaps and proposes directions for advancing the measurement agenda.
This publication begins by describing innovation today. It looks at what is driving innovation in firms, and how the scientific and research landscape is being reconfigured by convergence, interdisciplinarity and the new geography of innovation hot spots. It presents broader measures of innovation, for example using new indicators of investment in intangible assets and trademarks.
Human capital is the basic input of innovation, and a series of indicators looks at how well education systems are contributing to the knowledge and research bases. Further series examine how firms transform skills and knowledge, and shed light on the different roles of public and private investment in fostering innovation and reaping its rewards, with concrete examples from major global challenges such as health and climate change.
Measuring Innovation is a major step towards evidence-based innovation policy making. It complements traditional “positioning”-type indicators with ones that show how innovation is, or could be, linked to policy. It also recognises that much more remains to be done, and points to the measurement challenges statisticians, researchers and policy makers alike need to address.
Measuring innovation in education and understanding how it works is essential to improve the quality of the education sector. Monitoring systematically how pedagogical practices evolve would considerably increase the international education knowledge base. We need to examine whether, and how, practices are changing within classrooms and educational organisations and how students use learning resources. We should know much more about how teachers change their professional development practices, how schools change their ways to relate to parents, and, more generally, to what extent change and innovation are linked to better educational outcomes. This would help policy makers to better target interventions and resources, and get quick feedback on whether reforms do change educational practices as expected. This would enable us to better understand the role of innovation in education.
This new edition of Measuring Innovation in Education examines what has (or has not) changed for students over the past decade in OECD education systems. It reviews no fewer than 150 educational practices. The report casts light on systemic innovation in primary and secondary education, with a focus on pedagogical innovation. Has the use of technology spread? Have assessments become more important in pedagogical practices? Are students given more agency in their learning? Are they still asked to memorise facts and procedures? Do teachers increasingly engage students in peer learning activities? These are some of the questions this book seeks to answer. This report also presents some preliminary findings about the links between innovation and educational performance.
This book will offer precious insights to policy makers, the education community and all those who seek to understand how educational practices are evolving.