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Latin America and the Caribbean needs an ambitious and comprehensive investment agenda to embark on a stronger and more sustainable development trajectory. The 16^th edition of the Latin American Economic Outlook proposes ways to make this possible through co-ordinated actions by policy makers, the private sector and international partners. It argues that to close existing investment gaps and overcome the region’s structural challenges, it is essential to scale up domestic and foreign investment. These investments should be a catalyst for better quality jobs and an upgraded production structure, harnessing the potential of LAC’s endowments and of the green and digital transitions. Better governance and information are key to promoting effective and efficient public and private investments. Public institutions are fundamental to aligning investments with national development strategies while building stronger social contracts. The report presents a series of options for financing this new investment agenda, including innovative debt instruments and a renewed role for development finance institutions. The report also highlights the importance of reinvigorated international partnerships across the investment agenda.

This review of Latvia by the OECD Committee on Financial Markets is part of a series of reviews of the financial system. The Committee was requested to examine Latvia’s position with respect to core principles related to financial systems.

This report provides an overview of financial literacy in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It provides these six countries with an opportunity to see how their financial literacy levels compare to the other countries participating in the Project on Financial Education in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).

This joint OECD and ADB report on Leveraging Technology and Innovation for Disaster Risk Management and Financing examines how emerging technologies and innovation can improve the management of disaster and climate risks and the availability and affordability of financial protection tools.

Insurance markets play an essential role in the financial management of disaster risks by encouraging proper risk management and providing a source of financing to respond to the damages and losses incurred by households, businesses and governments as a result of catastrophic events. The pooling of risks of many insureds by insurance companies allows for the diversification of those risks across regions, risks, and time, leading to a reduction in the aggregate cost of financial protection. Providing domestic insurers with the ability to leverage the capacity of international reinsurance and capital markets while addressing the potential counterparty, execution and liquidity risks that could arise requires the careful development of a regulatory and supervisory framework. The purpose of this report is to identify good practices and lessons from the approaches to providing insurance for catastrophe risks and catastrophe reinsurance oversight implemented in four Asian countries: India, Indonesia, Myanmar and the Philippines.

This cross-country report analyses the legislation on liability of legal persons for corruption and its enforcement in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. While the report focuses on twenty five countries participating in the Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (ACN), it also includes examples from OECD countries. The report is based on data provided by the ACN governments in the form of questionnaires. It also reflects the discussions and examples of good practiced that were presented during the meetings of the ACN law-enforcement network in 2014. Additional research was conducted to enrich the report with the data for the OECD countries. The majority of the report was prepared in 2014.

Aviation is one of the most regulated industries in the world. Much of this regulation is safety-related, to mitigate the inherent risks tied with air transport. But aviation is also subject to economic regulation that influences which airline flies which route, at which frequency, capacity and price. It even stipulates the nationality of its owners and decision makers. Aviation has freed itself from some restrictions over the past three decades, with many benefits to society. Yet liberalisation has also raised issues with regard to maintaining fair competition, high labour standards and mitigating aviation’s growing environmental impact.

This publication provides a unique overview and analysis of the main measures and practices which affect international insurance operations in OECD countries. The survey focuses in particular on main insurance fields where obstacles to a full liberalisation may still exist, i.e. cross-border trade and establishment of foreign branches. This is the first time since 1983 that such a work is undertaken by the OECD. This study will certainly contribute to further liberalisation of insurance markets in OECD countries and will provide an indispensable reference tool for any person involved in issues related to trade in insurance.

This publication helps policy makers to better understand annuity products and the guarantees they provide in order to optimise the role that these products can play in financing retirement. Product design is a crucial factor in the potential role of annuity products within the pension system, along with the cost and demand for these products, and the resulting risks that are borne by the annuity providers. Increasingly complex products, however, pose additional challenges concerning consumer protection. Consumers need to be aware of their options and have access to unbiased and comprehensible advice and information about these products.

The Sami have lived for time immemorial in an area that today extends across the Kola Peninsula in Russia, northern Finland, northern Norway's coast and inland, and the northern half of Sweden. The Sami play an important role in these northern economies thanks to their use of land, their involvement in reindeer husbandry, agriculture/farming and food production, and connection with the region’s tourism industry. However, in Sweden, as in the other states where the Sami live, the connections with regional development are often inconsistent and weak, and could do more to support the preservation and promotion of Sami culture and create new employment and business opportunities. This study, together with the OECD’s broader thematic work on this topic, provides actionable recommendations on how to better include the Sami and other Indigenous Peoples in regional development strategies, learning from and incorporating their own perspectives on sustainable development in the process.

The Review of Competition Law and Policy in Lithuania describes the policy foundations, substantive competition law and enforcement experience, institutional structure as well as treatment of competition issues in regulatory and legislative processes.

This report helps establish a new agenda for age-friendly employment policies and practices. It sets out the policy challenges presented by rapidly ageing labour forces in OECD countries and draws out the main lessons learned from OECD's series of country reviews on Ageing and Employment policies.  Among other issues, it discusses how to remove work disincentives and increase choice in the work-retirement decision, improve employability of older workers, and change employer attitudes and employment practices.

Transition and emerging economies have difficulties developing their financial markets to a level that would provide access to long-term debt finance at an affordable cost. This report examines opportunities beyond the public sector for financing water and other environmental infrastructure. Specifically, opportunities for accessing savings through private financial and capital markets have been examined. The report identifies bottlenecks to the development of local financial markets for environmental infrastructure and discusses policy recommendations to tackle them.

Subnational governments’ capacity to effectively fund and deliver public services are crucial for the realisation of the benefits of decentralisation. However, subnational capacities often suffer from significant weaknesses, ranging from inadequate assignments of own-revenues, through to flaws in tax administration, the design of intergovernmental transfers, spending assignments and various aspects of public financial management. The volume discusses how better diagnostics and more strategic reforms can contribute to easing the resource constraints on subnational governments, as well as creating appropriate incentives for these governments to improve performance. The volume includes studies of the enabling conditions for subnational capacity building in Asia, as well as focused studies of China and India's fiscal relations challenges.

This is the tenth edition of the OECD survey of large pension funds and public pension reserve funds that collects long-term investment data since it was first published in 2011. The scope of this report covers 87 public and private pension funds from 34 countries. This survey is based on a qualitative questionnaire sent directly to large pension funds and public pension reserve funds. It covers the infrastructure investments made by large pension funds and public pension reserve funds, but also their approach to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It provides detailed investment information and insights which complement the aggregated data on portfolio investments gathered by the OECD at a national level through the Global Pension Statistics and Global Insurance Statistics projects.

The OECD is investigating how insurance can support the social security network and, in particular, long-term care and health care systems. Financing the long-term care and health care systems can be burdensome for countries and finding financing solutions that support fiscal budgets is an important consideration with ageing economies and demographic changes. This report is a stocktaking of long-term care and health care systems in OECD and non-OECD countries with a strong focus on the nature of the insurance markets that contribute to these systems.

The scope of this report covers 88 public and private pension funds from 39 countries. This survey is based on a qualitative questionnaire sent directly to large pension funds and public pension reserve funds. It covers the infrastructure investment made by large pension funds and public pension reserve funds, but also their approach to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It helps provide detailed investment information and insights which complement the aggregated data on portfolio investments gathered by the OECD at a national level through the Global Pension Statistics and Global Insurance Statistics projects.

Le Linee guida OCSE per le imprese multinazionali sulla condotta responsabile d’impresa sono raccomandazioni rivolte dai governi alle imprese multinazionali. Esse mirano ad incoraggiare i contributi positivi che le imprese possono apportare al progresso economico, ambientale e sociale ed a ridurre al minimo gli impatti negativi nelle aree oggetto delle Linee guida che possono essere associati alle attività, ai prodotti e ai servizi di un'impresa. Le Linee guida coprono tutte le aree chiave della responsabilità d’impresa, inclusi i diritti umani, i diritti del lavoro, l'ambiente, la corruzione, gli interessi dei consumatori, la divulgazione, la scienza e la tecnologia, la concorrenza e la fiscalità. L'edizione 2023 delle Linee guida contiene raccomandazioni aggiornate per una condotta responsabile d’impresa in aree chiave, come il cambiamento climatico, la biodiversità, la tecnologia, l'integrità aziendale e la due diligence nella catena di fornitura, nonché procedure di attuazione aggiornate per i Punti di contatto nazionali per la condotta responsabile d’impresa.